What is TiO\u2082<\/h2><\/div>TiO\u2082 is an important inorganic compound that is widely used in daily life. It is a representative white pigment used for plastics, paints, rubbers, and papers. The economic development of a country is sometimes measured by the usage of TiO\u2082 per person.<\/span><\/p>\n
\nTiO\u2082 is a very stable material physically and chemically, and has superior coverage and staining power because it has the highest refractive index among the white pigments, as well as accurate particle sizes and dispersibility. It is used to remove gloss from chemical textiles, to improve the abrasion resistance of chemical textiles, and for pigmentation. It is also widely used in various other areas, such as electronic materials, a glass, and welding rod coverings, based on its electronic characteristics.<\/p>\n
As new products utilizing the characteristics of TiO\u2082 are currently rapidly being developed and applied to various areas, the competition among countries is becoming increasingly fierce. The representative products are catalysts and photocatalysts using nano-type products.<\/div><\/div>[\/vc_column_inner][vc_column_inner width=”1\/3″][vc_single_image image=”2434″ img_size=”full”][\/vc_column_inner][\/vc_row_inner][vc_separator css=”.vc_custom_1607601889427{margin-top: 30px !important;margin-bottom: 30px !important;}”][vc_row_inner][vc_column_inner width=”1\/3″][vc_single_image image=”2439″ img_size=”full”][\/vc_column_inner][vc_column_inner width=”2\/3″]
History of TiO\u2082<\/h2><\/div>In the 18th century. Reverend William Gregor, an amateur mineralogist, found a white metallic oxide unknown to contemporary chemists from the local magnetic black sands, containing 50% white metallic oxide. In 1795, Martin H. Klaproth confirmed the contents of the rutile deposits and named the oxide element titanium after the mythological Titans, the first sons of Earth in a Greek legend. The name stuck.<\/span><\/p>\n
\nAs researches on the manufacture of Ti (titanium metal) and TiO\u2082 (titanium dioxide) have been conducted since the 19th century, W. J. Kroll established an engineering method for titanum metal. Anatase TiO\u2082 was commercialized by Fabriques de Produits Chimques de Thann of France in 1923, through multiple researches, and has been continuously developed technically.<\/p>\n
At present, the TiO\u2082 that is being commercially distributed is largely divided into two categories: rutile and anatase. Rutile was first manufactured by NL Industries (U.S.) at the end of 1940.<\/div><\/div>[\/vc_column_inner][\/vc_row_inner][vc_separator css=”.vc_custom_1607601889427{margin-top: 30px !important;margin-bottom: 30px !important;}”]
Perspectives of TiO\u2082<\/h2><\/div>TiO\u2082 will be continuously developed as its usage is increasing due to the ongoing industrial development.<\/span><\/p>\n
\nA wide array of products using TiO\u2082 as well as white pigment are being developed and applied, which will increase the manufacture and consumption of high-value-added derivatives. The representative product is the photocatalyst TiO\u2082, which is present around us. The photocatalyst TiO\u2082 is now being applied to daily life due to the rapid technical development and expansion of its applications. Its relevant market size will also significantly grow.<\/p>\n
Its annual global output and consumption is about 5 million tons per year, and prominent chemical groups, such as DuPont, Crystal, and Tronox, are manufacturing it. In South Korea, Cosmo Chemical is the sole manufacturer of TiO\u2082 and thus competes with global firms.<\/div><\/div>[\/vc_tab][vc_tab show_icon=”yes” icon_skin=”primary” title=”Types and Applications” tab_id=”b2920ff8-0a3c-8″ icon=”fas fa-cubes”][vc_row_inner][vc_column_inner]
Type and Applications<\/h2><\/div>TiO2 is devided into rutile and anatase, which have different crystal forms and thus slightly different physical features. The applications of rutile and anatase are appropriately mixed or divided by characteristic.<\/div><\/div>[\/vc_column_inner][\/vc_row_inner][vc_row_inner][vc_column_inner width=”1\/2″][vc_single_image image=”2451″ img_size=”full” add_caption=”yes” alignment=”center” image_gallery=”yes” zoom_icon=”yes” hover_effect=”yes”][\/vc_column_inner][vc_column_inner width=”1\/2″][vc_single_image image=”2452″ img_size=”full” add_caption=”yes” alignment=”center” image_gallery=”yes” zoom_icon=”yes” hover_effect=”yes”][\/vc_column_inner][\/vc_row_inner][\/vc_tab][vc_tab show_icon=”yes” title=”Manufacturing Process” tab_id=”1607598591953-2-6″ icon=”fas fa-dolly”][vc_row_inner][vc_column_inner]Sulfate Process<\/h2><\/div><\/div>[\/vc_column_inner][\/vc_row_inner][vc_row_inner][vc_column_inner]<\/span><\/div><\/div><\/span>Drying,Grinding<\/h5>
Raw ore<\/p>\n
The ore is first dried, ground, and classified, and is then dissolved in a sulfate solution FeTiO\u2083 + 2H\u2082SO\u2084 > FeSO\u2084 + TiOSO\u2084 + 2H\u2082O<\/p>\n
![\"\"](\"http:\/\/www.cosmochem.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/12\/tio2_step_01.jpg\")
<\/p><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>
<\/span><\/div><\/div><\/span>Dissolving,Deoxidizing<\/h5>
After the deoxidation of Fe\u00b3+ and Fe\u00b2+ in a sulfate solution consisting of Ti and Fe elements, the solution is then filtered and cooled to crystallize the coarse Ferrous Sulfate Solution heptahydrate (FeSo4 7H\u2082O), which is separated from the process. The solution is hydrolyzed to produce insoluble white hydrous titanium oxide.TiOSO\u2084 + 2H\u2082O\uc5d0\uc11cTiO(OH)\u2082 + H\u2082SO\u2084<\/p>\n
![\"\"](\"http:\/\/www.cosmochem.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/12\/tio2_step_02.jpg\")
<\/p><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>
<\/span><\/div><\/div><\/span>The first particle size and distribution<\/h5>
This is an important process for deciding the first particle size and distribution of hydrous titanium oxide, which is needed to come up with good products with appropriate particle sizes in the hydrolysis process. The pulp is extensively washed to remove the residual traces of metallic impurities. The washed pulp is then calcinated in a rotary kiln, and ground. Then the final products are manufactured. TiO(OH)\u2082> TiO\u2082 + H\u2082O<\/p>\n
![\"\"](\"http:\/\/www.cosmochem.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/12\/tio2_step_03.jpg\")
<\/p><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>
<\/span><\/div><\/div><\/span>Chloride process<\/h5>
In the sulfate process, rutile can be produced as using catalyst added before calcinations or on additives in hydrolysis step. Thus, this process can produce either anatase or rutile crystal forms depending on additives used prior to calcinations differently from the chloride process.<\/p>\n
![\"\"](\"http:\/\/www.cosmochem.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/12\/tio2_step_04.jpg\")
<\/p>\n
Note: The grades of rutile and anatase are diversified by purpose, by coating with aluminum (AI) or silica (Si) in the post-treatment process.<\/span><\/p><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>[\/vc_column_inner][\/vc_row_inner][\/vc_tab][\/vc_tabs][\/vc_column][\/vc_row]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"[vc_row][vc_column][vc_custom_heading source=”post_title” google_fonts=”font_family:Open%20Sans%3A300%2C300italic%2Cregular%2Citalic%2C600%2C600italic%2C700%2C700italic%2C800%2C800italic|font_style:400%20regular%3A400%3Anormal”][\/vc_column][\/vc_row][vc_row][vc_column][vc_tabs skin=”primary”][vc_tab show_icon=”yes” icon_skin=”primary” title=”What is TiO\u2082” tab_id=”4cf27ff3-0988-1″ icon=”fas fa-binoculars”][vc_row_inner][vc_column_inner width=”2\/3″][\/vc_column_inner][vc_column_inner width=”1\/3″][vc_single_image image=”2434″ img_size=”full”][\/vc_column_inner][\/vc_row_inner][vc_separator css=”.vc_custom_1607601889427{margin-top: 30px !important;margin-bottom: 30px !important;}”][vc_row_inner][vc_column_inner width=”1\/3″][vc_single_image image=”2439″ img_size=”full”][\/vc_column_inner][vc_column_inner width=”2\/3″][\/vc_column_inner][\/vc_row_inner][vc_separator css=”.vc_custom_1607601889427{margin-top: 30px !important;margin-bottom: 30px !important;}”][\/vc_tab][vc_tab show_icon=”yes” icon_skin=”primary” title=”Types and Applications” tab_id=”b2920ff8-0a3c-8″ icon=”fas fa-cubes”][vc_row_inner][vc_column_inner][\/vc_column_inner][\/vc_row_inner][vc_row_inner][vc_column_inner width=”1\/2″][vc_single_image image=”2451″ img_size=”full” add_caption=”yes” alignment=”center” image_gallery=”yes” zoom_icon=”yes” hover_effect=”yes”][\/vc_column_inner][vc_column_inner width=”1\/2″][vc_single_image image=”2452″ img_size=”full” add_caption=”yes” alignment=”center” image_gallery=”yes” zoom_icon=”yes” hover_effect=”yes”][\/vc_column_inner][\/vc_row_inner][\/vc_tab][vc_tab show_icon=”yes” […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":[],"yoast_head":"\r\n
TiO\u2082 Information - COSMO CHEMICAL<\/title>\r\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\r\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.cosmochem.com\/index.php\/tio2-information\/\" \/>\r\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_GB\" \/>\r\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\r\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"TiO\u2082 Information - COSMO CHEMICAL\" \/>\r\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"[vc_row][vc_column][vc_custom_heading source=”post_title” google_fonts=”font_family:Open%20Sans%3A300%2C300italic%2Cregular%2Citalic%2C600%2C600italic%2C700%2C700italic%2C800%2C800italic|font_style:400%20regular%3A400%3Anormal”][\/vc_column][\/vc_row][vc_row][vc_column][vc_tabs skin=”primary”][vc_tab show_icon=”yes” icon_skin=”primary” title=”What is TiO\u2082” tab_id=”4cf27ff3-0988-1″ icon=”fas fa-binoculars”][vc_row_inner][vc_column_inner width=”2\/3″][\/vc_column_inner][vc_column_inner width=”1\/3″][vc_single_image image=”2434″ img_size=”full”][\/vc_column_inner][\/vc_row_inner][vc_separator css=”.vc_custom_1607601889427{margin-top: 30px !important;margin-bottom: 30px !important;}”][vc_row_inner][vc_column_inner width=”1\/3″][vc_single_image image=”2439″ img_size=”full”][\/vc_column_inner][vc_column_inner width=”2\/3″][\/vc_column_inner][\/vc_row_inner][vc_separator css=”.vc_custom_1607601889427{margin-top: 30px !important;margin-bottom: 30px !important;}”][\/vc_tab][vc_tab show_icon=”yes” icon_skin=”primary” title=”Types and Applications” tab_id=”b2920ff8-0a3c-8″ icon=”fas fa-cubes”][vc_row_inner][vc_column_inner][\/vc_column_inner][\/vc_row_inner][vc_row_inner][vc_column_inner width=”1\/2″][vc_single_image image=”2451″ img_size=”full” add_caption=”yes” alignment=”center” image_gallery=”yes” zoom_icon=”yes” hover_effect=”yes”][\/vc_column_inner][vc_column_inner width=”1\/2″][vc_single_image image=”2452″ img_size=”full” add_caption=”yes” alignment=”center” image_gallery=”yes” zoom_icon=”yes” hover_effect=”yes”][\/vc_column_inner][\/vc_row_inner][\/vc_tab][vc_tab show_icon=”yes” […]\" \/>\r\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/www.cosmochem.com\/index.php\/tio2-information\/\" \/>\r\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"COSMO CHEMICAL\" \/>\r\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2021-01-11T09:02:56+00:00\" \/>\r\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"http:\/\/renewalk.cosmochem.co.kr:8080\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/12\/tio2_step_01.jpg\" \/>\r\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\r\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Written by\">\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"cosmo\">\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Estimated reading time\">\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"5 minutes\">\r\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\/\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"WebSite\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.cosmochem.com\/#website\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/www.cosmochem.com\/\",\"name\":\"COSMO CHEMICAL\",\"description\":\"Just another WordPress site\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"SearchAction\",\"target\":\"https:\/\/www.cosmochem.com\/?s={search_term_string}\",\"query-input\":\"required name=search_term_string\"}],\"inLanguage\":\"en-GB\"},{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.cosmochem.com\/index.php\/tio2-information\/#primaryimage\",\"inLanguage\":\"en-GB\",\"url\":\"http:\/\/www.cosmochem.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/12\/tio2_step_01.jpg\"},{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.cosmochem.com\/index.php\/tio2-information\/#webpage\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/www.cosmochem.com\/index.php\/tio2-information\/\",\"name\":\"TiO\\u2082 Information - COSMO CHEMICAL\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.cosmochem.com\/#website\"},\"primaryImageOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.cosmochem.com\/index.php\/tio2-information\/#primaryimage\"},\"datePublished\":\"2020-12-10T10:42:58+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2021-01-11T09:02:56+00:00\",\"inLanguage\":\"en-GB\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"ReadAction\",\"target\":[\"https:\/\/www.cosmochem.com\/index.php\/tio2-information\/\"]}]}]}<\/script>\r\n<!-- \/ Yoast SEO plugin. -->","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.cosmochem.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/2423"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.cosmochem.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.cosmochem.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.cosmochem.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.cosmochem.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=2423"}],"version-history":[{"count":52,"href":"https:\/\/www.cosmochem.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/2423\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":3055,"href":"https:\/\/www.cosmochem.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/2423\/revisions\/3055"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.cosmochem.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=2423"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}
\n
TiO\u2082 is a very stable material physically and chemically, and has superior coverage and staining power because it has the highest refractive index among the white pigments, as well as accurate particle sizes and dispersibility. It is used to remove gloss from chemical textiles, to improve the abrasion resistance of chemical textiles, and for pigmentation. It is also widely used in various other areas, such as electronic materials, a glass, and welding rod coverings, based on its electronic characteristics.<\/p>\n
As new products utilizing the characteristics of TiO\u2082 are currently rapidly being developed and applied to various areas, the competition among countries is becoming increasingly fierce. The representative products are catalysts and photocatalysts using nano-type products.<\/div><\/div>[\/vc_column_inner][vc_column_inner width=”1\/3″][vc_single_image image=”2434″ img_size=”full”][\/vc_column_inner][\/vc_row_inner][vc_separator css=”.vc_custom_1607601889427{margin-top: 30px !important;margin-bottom: 30px !important;}”][vc_row_inner][vc_column_inner width=”1\/3″][vc_single_image image=”2439″ img_size=”full”][\/vc_column_inner][vc_column_inner width=”2\/3″]
History of TiO\u2082<\/h2><\/div>In the 18th century. Reverend William Gregor, an amateur mineralogist, found a white metallic oxide unknown to contemporary chemists from the local magnetic black sands, containing 50% white metallic oxide. In 1795, Martin H. Klaproth confirmed the contents of the rutile deposits and named the oxide element titanium after the mythological Titans, the first sons of Earth in a Greek legend. The name stuck.<\/span><\/p>\n
\nAs researches on the manufacture of Ti (titanium metal) and TiO\u2082 (titanium dioxide) have been conducted since the 19th century, W. J. Kroll established an engineering method for titanum metal. Anatase TiO\u2082 was commercialized by Fabriques de Produits Chimques de Thann of France in 1923, through multiple researches, and has been continuously developed technically.<\/p>\n
At present, the TiO\u2082 that is being commercially distributed is largely divided into two categories: rutile and anatase. Rutile was first manufactured by NL Industries (U.S.) at the end of 1940.<\/div><\/div>[\/vc_column_inner][\/vc_row_inner][vc_separator css=”.vc_custom_1607601889427{margin-top: 30px !important;margin-bottom: 30px !important;}”]
Perspectives of TiO\u2082<\/h2><\/div>TiO\u2082 will be continuously developed as its usage is increasing due to the ongoing industrial development.<\/span><\/p>\n
\nA wide array of products using TiO\u2082 as well as white pigment are being developed and applied, which will increase the manufacture and consumption of high-value-added derivatives. The representative product is the photocatalyst TiO\u2082, which is present around us. The photocatalyst TiO\u2082 is now being applied to daily life due to the rapid technical development and expansion of its applications. Its relevant market size will also significantly grow.<\/p>\n
Its annual global output and consumption is about 5 million tons per year, and prominent chemical groups, such as DuPont, Crystal, and Tronox, are manufacturing it. In South Korea, Cosmo Chemical is the sole manufacturer of TiO\u2082 and thus competes with global firms.<\/div><\/div>[\/vc_tab][vc_tab show_icon=”yes” icon_skin=”primary” title=”Types and Applications” tab_id=”b2920ff8-0a3c-8″ icon=”fas fa-cubes”][vc_row_inner][vc_column_inner]
Type and Applications<\/h2><\/div>TiO2 is devided into rutile and anatase, which have different crystal forms and thus slightly different physical features. The applications of rutile and anatase are appropriately mixed or divided by characteristic.<\/div><\/div>[\/vc_column_inner][\/vc_row_inner][vc_row_inner][vc_column_inner width=”1\/2″][vc_single_image image=”2451″ img_size=”full” add_caption=”yes” alignment=”center” image_gallery=”yes” zoom_icon=”yes” hover_effect=”yes”][\/vc_column_inner][vc_column_inner width=”1\/2″][vc_single_image image=”2452″ img_size=”full” add_caption=”yes” alignment=”center” image_gallery=”yes” zoom_icon=”yes” hover_effect=”yes”][\/vc_column_inner][\/vc_row_inner][\/vc_tab][vc_tab show_icon=”yes” title=”Manufacturing Process” tab_id=”1607598591953-2-6″ icon=”fas fa-dolly”][vc_row_inner][vc_column_inner]Sulfate Process<\/h2><\/div><\/div>[\/vc_column_inner][\/vc_row_inner][vc_row_inner][vc_column_inner]<\/span><\/div><\/div><\/span>Drying,Grinding<\/h5>
Raw ore<\/p>\n
The ore is first dried, ground, and classified, and is then dissolved in a sulfate solution FeTiO\u2083 + 2H\u2082SO\u2084 > FeSO\u2084 + TiOSO\u2084 + 2H\u2082O<\/p>\n
<\/p><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>
<\/span><\/div><\/div><\/span>Dissolving,Deoxidizing<\/h5>
After the deoxidation of Fe\u00b3+ and Fe\u00b2+ in a sulfate solution consisting of Ti and Fe elements, the solution is then filtered and cooled to crystallize the coarse Ferrous Sulfate Solution heptahydrate (FeSo4 7H\u2082O), which is separated from the process. The solution is hydrolyzed to produce insoluble white hydrous titanium oxide.TiOSO\u2084 + 2H\u2082O\uc5d0\uc11cTiO(OH)\u2082 + H\u2082SO\u2084<\/p>\n
<\/p><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>
<\/span><\/div><\/div><\/span>The first particle size and distribution<\/h5>
This is an important process for deciding the first particle size and distribution of hydrous titanium oxide, which is needed to come up with good products with appropriate particle sizes in the hydrolysis process. The pulp is extensively washed to remove the residual traces of metallic impurities. The washed pulp is then calcinated in a rotary kiln, and ground. Then the final products are manufactured. TiO(OH)\u2082> TiO\u2082 + H\u2082O<\/p>\n
<\/p><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>
<\/span><\/div><\/div><\/span>Chloride process<\/h5>
In the sulfate process, rutile can be produced as using catalyst added before calcinations or on additives in hydrolysis step. Thus, this process can produce either anatase or rutile crystal forms depending on additives used prior to calcinations differently from the chloride process.<\/p>\n
<\/p>\n
Note: The grades of rutile and anatase are diversified by purpose, by coating with aluminum (AI) or silica (Si) in the post-treatment process.<\/span><\/p><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>[\/vc_column_inner][\/vc_row_inner][\/vc_tab][\/vc_tabs][\/vc_column][\/vc_row]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"[vc_row][vc_column][vc_custom_heading source=”post_title” google_fonts=”font_family:Open%20Sans%3A300%2C300italic%2Cregular%2Citalic%2C600%2C600italic%2C700%2C700italic%2C800%2C800italic|font_style:400%20regular%3A400%3Anormal”][\/vc_column][\/vc_row][vc_row][vc_column][vc_tabs skin=”primary”][vc_tab show_icon=”yes” icon_skin=”primary” title=”What is TiO\u2082” tab_id=”4cf27ff3-0988-1″ icon=”fas fa-binoculars”][vc_row_inner][vc_column_inner width=”2\/3″][\/vc_column_inner][vc_column_inner width=”1\/3″][vc_single_image image=”2434″ img_size=”full”][\/vc_column_inner][\/vc_row_inner][vc_separator css=”.vc_custom_1607601889427{margin-top: 30px !important;margin-bottom: 30px !important;}”][vc_row_inner][vc_column_inner width=”1\/3″][vc_single_image image=”2439″ img_size=”full”][\/vc_column_inner][vc_column_inner width=”2\/3″][\/vc_column_inner][\/vc_row_inner][vc_separator css=”.vc_custom_1607601889427{margin-top: 30px !important;margin-bottom: 30px !important;}”][\/vc_tab][vc_tab show_icon=”yes” icon_skin=”primary” title=”Types and Applications” tab_id=”b2920ff8-0a3c-8″ icon=”fas fa-cubes”][vc_row_inner][vc_column_inner][\/vc_column_inner][\/vc_row_inner][vc_row_inner][vc_column_inner width=”1\/2″][vc_single_image image=”2451″ img_size=”full” add_caption=”yes” alignment=”center” image_gallery=”yes” zoom_icon=”yes” hover_effect=”yes”][\/vc_column_inner][vc_column_inner width=”1\/2″][vc_single_image image=”2452″ img_size=”full” add_caption=”yes” alignment=”center” image_gallery=”yes” zoom_icon=”yes” hover_effect=”yes”][\/vc_column_inner][\/vc_row_inner][\/vc_tab][vc_tab show_icon=”yes” […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":[],"yoast_head":"\r\n
TiO\u2082 Information - COSMO CHEMICAL<\/title>\r\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\r\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.cosmochem.com\/index.php\/tio2-information\/\" \/>\r\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_GB\" \/>\r\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\r\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"TiO\u2082 Information - COSMO CHEMICAL\" \/>\r\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"[vc_row][vc_column][vc_custom_heading source=”post_title” google_fonts=”font_family:Open%20Sans%3A300%2C300italic%2Cregular%2Citalic%2C600%2C600italic%2C700%2C700italic%2C800%2C800italic|font_style:400%20regular%3A400%3Anormal”][\/vc_column][\/vc_row][vc_row][vc_column][vc_tabs skin=”primary”][vc_tab show_icon=”yes” icon_skin=”primary” title=”What is TiO\u2082” tab_id=”4cf27ff3-0988-1″ icon=”fas fa-binoculars”][vc_row_inner][vc_column_inner width=”2\/3″][\/vc_column_inner][vc_column_inner width=”1\/3″][vc_single_image image=”2434″ img_size=”full”][\/vc_column_inner][\/vc_row_inner][vc_separator css=”.vc_custom_1607601889427{margin-top: 30px !important;margin-bottom: 30px !important;}”][vc_row_inner][vc_column_inner width=”1\/3″][vc_single_image image=”2439″ img_size=”full”][\/vc_column_inner][vc_column_inner width=”2\/3″][\/vc_column_inner][\/vc_row_inner][vc_separator css=”.vc_custom_1607601889427{margin-top: 30px !important;margin-bottom: 30px !important;}”][\/vc_tab][vc_tab show_icon=”yes” icon_skin=”primary” title=”Types and Applications” tab_id=”b2920ff8-0a3c-8″ icon=”fas fa-cubes”][vc_row_inner][vc_column_inner][\/vc_column_inner][\/vc_row_inner][vc_row_inner][vc_column_inner width=”1\/2″][vc_single_image image=”2451″ img_size=”full” add_caption=”yes” alignment=”center” image_gallery=”yes” zoom_icon=”yes” hover_effect=”yes”][\/vc_column_inner][vc_column_inner width=”1\/2″][vc_single_image image=”2452″ img_size=”full” add_caption=”yes” alignment=”center” image_gallery=”yes” zoom_icon=”yes” hover_effect=”yes”][\/vc_column_inner][\/vc_row_inner][\/vc_tab][vc_tab show_icon=”yes” […]\" \/>\r\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/www.cosmochem.com\/index.php\/tio2-information\/\" \/>\r\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"COSMO CHEMICAL\" \/>\r\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2021-01-11T09:02:56+00:00\" \/>\r\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"http:\/\/renewalk.cosmochem.co.kr:8080\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/12\/tio2_step_01.jpg\" \/>\r\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\r\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Written by\">\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"cosmo\">\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Estimated reading time\">\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"5 minutes\">\r\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\/\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"WebSite\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.cosmochem.com\/#website\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/www.cosmochem.com\/\",\"name\":\"COSMO CHEMICAL\",\"description\":\"Just another WordPress site\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"SearchAction\",\"target\":\"https:\/\/www.cosmochem.com\/?s={search_term_string}\",\"query-input\":\"required name=search_term_string\"}],\"inLanguage\":\"en-GB\"},{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.cosmochem.com\/index.php\/tio2-information\/#primaryimage\",\"inLanguage\":\"en-GB\",\"url\":\"http:\/\/www.cosmochem.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/12\/tio2_step_01.jpg\"},{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.cosmochem.com\/index.php\/tio2-information\/#webpage\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/www.cosmochem.com\/index.php\/tio2-information\/\",\"name\":\"TiO\\u2082 Information - COSMO CHEMICAL\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.cosmochem.com\/#website\"},\"primaryImageOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.cosmochem.com\/index.php\/tio2-information\/#primaryimage\"},\"datePublished\":\"2020-12-10T10:42:58+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2021-01-11T09:02:56+00:00\",\"inLanguage\":\"en-GB\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"ReadAction\",\"target\":[\"https:\/\/www.cosmochem.com\/index.php\/tio2-information\/\"]}]}]}<\/script>\r\n<!-- \/ Yoast SEO plugin. -->","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.cosmochem.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/2423"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.cosmochem.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.cosmochem.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.cosmochem.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.cosmochem.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=2423"}],"version-history":[{"count":52,"href":"https:\/\/www.cosmochem.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/2423\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":3055,"href":"https:\/\/www.cosmochem.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/2423\/revisions\/3055"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.cosmochem.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=2423"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}
\n
As researches on the manufacture of Ti (titanium metal) and TiO\u2082 (titanium dioxide) have been conducted since the 19th century, W. J. Kroll established an engineering method for titanum metal. Anatase TiO\u2082 was commercialized by Fabriques de Produits Chimques de Thann of France in 1923, through multiple researches, and has been continuously developed technically.<\/p>\n
At present, the TiO\u2082 that is being commercially distributed is largely divided into two categories: rutile and anatase. Rutile was first manufactured by NL Industries (U.S.) at the end of 1940.<\/div><\/div>[\/vc_column_inner][\/vc_row_inner][vc_separator css=”.vc_custom_1607601889427{margin-top: 30px !important;margin-bottom: 30px !important;}”]
Perspectives of TiO\u2082<\/h2><\/div>TiO\u2082 will be continuously developed as its usage is increasing due to the ongoing industrial development.<\/span><\/p>\n
\nA wide array of products using TiO\u2082 as well as white pigment are being developed and applied, which will increase the manufacture and consumption of high-value-added derivatives. The representative product is the photocatalyst TiO\u2082, which is present around us. The photocatalyst TiO\u2082 is now being applied to daily life due to the rapid technical development and expansion of its applications. Its relevant market size will also significantly grow.<\/p>\n
Its annual global output and consumption is about 5 million tons per year, and prominent chemical groups, such as DuPont, Crystal, and Tronox, are manufacturing it. In South Korea, Cosmo Chemical is the sole manufacturer of TiO\u2082 and thus competes with global firms.<\/div><\/div>[\/vc_tab][vc_tab show_icon=”yes” icon_skin=”primary” title=”Types and Applications” tab_id=”b2920ff8-0a3c-8″ icon=”fas fa-cubes”][vc_row_inner][vc_column_inner]
Type and Applications<\/h2><\/div>TiO2 is devided into rutile and anatase, which have different crystal forms and thus slightly different physical features. The applications of rutile and anatase are appropriately mixed or divided by characteristic.<\/div><\/div>[\/vc_column_inner][\/vc_row_inner][vc_row_inner][vc_column_inner width=”1\/2″][vc_single_image image=”2451″ img_size=”full” add_caption=”yes” alignment=”center” image_gallery=”yes” zoom_icon=”yes” hover_effect=”yes”][\/vc_column_inner][vc_column_inner width=”1\/2″][vc_single_image image=”2452″ img_size=”full” add_caption=”yes” alignment=”center” image_gallery=”yes” zoom_icon=”yes” hover_effect=”yes”][\/vc_column_inner][\/vc_row_inner][\/vc_tab][vc_tab show_icon=”yes” title=”Manufacturing Process” tab_id=”1607598591953-2-6″ icon=”fas fa-dolly”][vc_row_inner][vc_column_inner]Sulfate Process<\/h2><\/div><\/div>[\/vc_column_inner][\/vc_row_inner][vc_row_inner][vc_column_inner]<\/span><\/div><\/div><\/span>Drying,Grinding<\/h5>
Raw ore<\/p>\n
The ore is first dried, ground, and classified, and is then dissolved in a sulfate solution FeTiO\u2083 + 2H\u2082SO\u2084 > FeSO\u2084 + TiOSO\u2084 + 2H\u2082O<\/p>\n
<\/p><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>
<\/span><\/div><\/div><\/span>Dissolving,Deoxidizing<\/h5>
After the deoxidation of Fe\u00b3+ and Fe\u00b2+ in a sulfate solution consisting of Ti and Fe elements, the solution is then filtered and cooled to crystallize the coarse Ferrous Sulfate Solution heptahydrate (FeSo4 7H\u2082O), which is separated from the process. The solution is hydrolyzed to produce insoluble white hydrous titanium oxide.TiOSO\u2084 + 2H\u2082O\uc5d0\uc11cTiO(OH)\u2082 + H\u2082SO\u2084<\/p>\n
<\/p><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>
<\/span><\/div><\/div><\/span>The first particle size and distribution<\/h5>
This is an important process for deciding the first particle size and distribution of hydrous titanium oxide, which is needed to come up with good products with appropriate particle sizes in the hydrolysis process. The pulp is extensively washed to remove the residual traces of metallic impurities. The washed pulp is then calcinated in a rotary kiln, and ground. Then the final products are manufactured. TiO(OH)\u2082> TiO\u2082 + H\u2082O<\/p>\n
<\/p><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>
<\/span><\/div><\/div><\/span>Chloride process<\/h5>
In the sulfate process, rutile can be produced as using catalyst added before calcinations or on additives in hydrolysis step. Thus, this process can produce either anatase or rutile crystal forms depending on additives used prior to calcinations differently from the chloride process.<\/p>\n
<\/p>\n
Note: The grades of rutile and anatase are diversified by purpose, by coating with aluminum (AI) or silica (Si) in the post-treatment process.<\/span><\/p><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>[\/vc_column_inner][\/vc_row_inner][\/vc_tab][\/vc_tabs][\/vc_column][\/vc_row]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"[vc_row][vc_column][vc_custom_heading source=”post_title” google_fonts=”font_family:Open%20Sans%3A300%2C300italic%2Cregular%2Citalic%2C600%2C600italic%2C700%2C700italic%2C800%2C800italic|font_style:400%20regular%3A400%3Anormal”][\/vc_column][\/vc_row][vc_row][vc_column][vc_tabs skin=”primary”][vc_tab show_icon=”yes” icon_skin=”primary” title=”What is TiO\u2082” tab_id=”4cf27ff3-0988-1″ icon=”fas fa-binoculars”][vc_row_inner][vc_column_inner width=”2\/3″][\/vc_column_inner][vc_column_inner width=”1\/3″][vc_single_image image=”2434″ img_size=”full”][\/vc_column_inner][\/vc_row_inner][vc_separator css=”.vc_custom_1607601889427{margin-top: 30px !important;margin-bottom: 30px !important;}”][vc_row_inner][vc_column_inner width=”1\/3″][vc_single_image image=”2439″ img_size=”full”][\/vc_column_inner][vc_column_inner width=”2\/3″][\/vc_column_inner][\/vc_row_inner][vc_separator css=”.vc_custom_1607601889427{margin-top: 30px !important;margin-bottom: 30px !important;}”][\/vc_tab][vc_tab show_icon=”yes” icon_skin=”primary” title=”Types and Applications” tab_id=”b2920ff8-0a3c-8″ icon=”fas fa-cubes”][vc_row_inner][vc_column_inner][\/vc_column_inner][\/vc_row_inner][vc_row_inner][vc_column_inner width=”1\/2″][vc_single_image image=”2451″ img_size=”full” add_caption=”yes” alignment=”center” image_gallery=”yes” zoom_icon=”yes” hover_effect=”yes”][\/vc_column_inner][vc_column_inner width=”1\/2″][vc_single_image image=”2452″ img_size=”full” add_caption=”yes” alignment=”center” image_gallery=”yes” zoom_icon=”yes” hover_effect=”yes”][\/vc_column_inner][\/vc_row_inner][\/vc_tab][vc_tab show_icon=”yes” […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":[],"yoast_head":"\r\n
TiO\u2082 Information - COSMO CHEMICAL<\/title>\r\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\r\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.cosmochem.com\/index.php\/tio2-information\/\" \/>\r\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_GB\" \/>\r\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\r\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"TiO\u2082 Information - COSMO CHEMICAL\" \/>\r\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"[vc_row][vc_column][vc_custom_heading source=”post_title” google_fonts=”font_family:Open%20Sans%3A300%2C300italic%2Cregular%2Citalic%2C600%2C600italic%2C700%2C700italic%2C800%2C800italic|font_style:400%20regular%3A400%3Anormal”][\/vc_column][\/vc_row][vc_row][vc_column][vc_tabs skin=”primary”][vc_tab show_icon=”yes” icon_skin=”primary” title=”What is TiO\u2082” tab_id=”4cf27ff3-0988-1″ icon=”fas fa-binoculars”][vc_row_inner][vc_column_inner width=”2\/3″][\/vc_column_inner][vc_column_inner width=”1\/3″][vc_single_image image=”2434″ img_size=”full”][\/vc_column_inner][\/vc_row_inner][vc_separator css=”.vc_custom_1607601889427{margin-top: 30px !important;margin-bottom: 30px !important;}”][vc_row_inner][vc_column_inner width=”1\/3″][vc_single_image image=”2439″ img_size=”full”][\/vc_column_inner][vc_column_inner width=”2\/3″][\/vc_column_inner][\/vc_row_inner][vc_separator css=”.vc_custom_1607601889427{margin-top: 30px !important;margin-bottom: 30px !important;}”][\/vc_tab][vc_tab show_icon=”yes” icon_skin=”primary” title=”Types and Applications” tab_id=”b2920ff8-0a3c-8″ icon=”fas fa-cubes”][vc_row_inner][vc_column_inner][\/vc_column_inner][\/vc_row_inner][vc_row_inner][vc_column_inner width=”1\/2″][vc_single_image image=”2451″ img_size=”full” add_caption=”yes” alignment=”center” image_gallery=”yes” zoom_icon=”yes” hover_effect=”yes”][\/vc_column_inner][vc_column_inner width=”1\/2″][vc_single_image image=”2452″ img_size=”full” add_caption=”yes” alignment=”center” image_gallery=”yes” zoom_icon=”yes” hover_effect=”yes”][\/vc_column_inner][\/vc_row_inner][\/vc_tab][vc_tab show_icon=”yes” […]\" \/>\r\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/www.cosmochem.com\/index.php\/tio2-information\/\" \/>\r\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"COSMO CHEMICAL\" \/>\r\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2021-01-11T09:02:56+00:00\" \/>\r\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"http:\/\/renewalk.cosmochem.co.kr:8080\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/12\/tio2_step_01.jpg\" \/>\r\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\r\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Written by\">\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"cosmo\">\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Estimated reading time\">\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"5 minutes\">\r\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\/\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"WebSite\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.cosmochem.com\/#website\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/www.cosmochem.com\/\",\"name\":\"COSMO CHEMICAL\",\"description\":\"Just another WordPress site\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"SearchAction\",\"target\":\"https:\/\/www.cosmochem.com\/?s={search_term_string}\",\"query-input\":\"required name=search_term_string\"}],\"inLanguage\":\"en-GB\"},{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.cosmochem.com\/index.php\/tio2-information\/#primaryimage\",\"inLanguage\":\"en-GB\",\"url\":\"http:\/\/www.cosmochem.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/12\/tio2_step_01.jpg\"},{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.cosmochem.com\/index.php\/tio2-information\/#webpage\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/www.cosmochem.com\/index.php\/tio2-information\/\",\"name\":\"TiO\\u2082 Information - COSMO CHEMICAL\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.cosmochem.com\/#website\"},\"primaryImageOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.cosmochem.com\/index.php\/tio2-information\/#primaryimage\"},\"datePublished\":\"2020-12-10T10:42:58+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2021-01-11T09:02:56+00:00\",\"inLanguage\":\"en-GB\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"ReadAction\",\"target\":[\"https:\/\/www.cosmochem.com\/index.php\/tio2-information\/\"]}]}]}<\/script>\r\n<!-- \/ Yoast SEO plugin. -->","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.cosmochem.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/2423"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.cosmochem.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.cosmochem.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.cosmochem.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.cosmochem.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=2423"}],"version-history":[{"count":52,"href":"https:\/\/www.cosmochem.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/2423\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":3055,"href":"https:\/\/www.cosmochem.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/2423\/revisions\/3055"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.cosmochem.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=2423"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}
\n
A wide array of products using TiO\u2082 as well as white pigment are being developed and applied, which will increase the manufacture and consumption of high-value-added derivatives. The representative product is the photocatalyst TiO\u2082, which is present around us. The photocatalyst TiO\u2082 is now being applied to daily life due to the rapid technical development and expansion of its applications. Its relevant market size will also significantly grow.<\/p>\n
Its annual global output and consumption is about 5 million tons per year, and prominent chemical groups, such as DuPont, Crystal, and Tronox, are manufacturing it. In South Korea, Cosmo Chemical is the sole manufacturer of TiO\u2082 and thus competes with global firms.<\/div><\/div>[\/vc_tab][vc_tab show_icon=”yes” icon_skin=”primary” title=”Types and Applications” tab_id=”b2920ff8-0a3c-8″ icon=”fas fa-cubes”][vc_row_inner][vc_column_inner]
Type and Applications<\/h2><\/div>TiO2 is devided into rutile and anatase, which have different crystal forms and thus slightly different physical features. The applications of rutile and anatase are appropriately mixed or divided by characteristic.<\/div><\/div>[\/vc_column_inner][\/vc_row_inner][vc_row_inner][vc_column_inner width=”1\/2″][vc_single_image image=”2451″ img_size=”full” add_caption=”yes” alignment=”center” image_gallery=”yes” zoom_icon=”yes” hover_effect=”yes”][\/vc_column_inner][vc_column_inner width=”1\/2″][vc_single_image image=”2452″ img_size=”full” add_caption=”yes” alignment=”center” image_gallery=”yes” zoom_icon=”yes” hover_effect=”yes”][\/vc_column_inner][\/vc_row_inner][\/vc_tab][vc_tab show_icon=”yes” title=”Manufacturing Process” tab_id=”1607598591953-2-6″ icon=”fas fa-dolly”][vc_row_inner][vc_column_inner]Sulfate Process<\/h2><\/div><\/div>[\/vc_column_inner][\/vc_row_inner][vc_row_inner][vc_column_inner]<\/span><\/div><\/div><\/span>Drying,Grinding<\/h5>
Raw ore<\/p>\n
The ore is first dried, ground, and classified, and is then dissolved in a sulfate solution FeTiO\u2083 + 2H\u2082SO\u2084 > FeSO\u2084 + TiOSO\u2084 + 2H\u2082O<\/p>\n
<\/p><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>
<\/span><\/div><\/div><\/span>Dissolving,Deoxidizing<\/h5>
After the deoxidation of Fe\u00b3+ and Fe\u00b2+ in a sulfate solution consisting of Ti and Fe elements, the solution is then filtered and cooled to crystallize the coarse Ferrous Sulfate Solution heptahydrate (FeSo4 7H\u2082O), which is separated from the process. The solution is hydrolyzed to produce insoluble white hydrous titanium oxide.TiOSO\u2084 + 2H\u2082O\uc5d0\uc11cTiO(OH)\u2082 + H\u2082SO\u2084<\/p>\n
<\/p><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>
<\/span><\/div><\/div><\/span>The first particle size and distribution<\/h5>
This is an important process for deciding the first particle size and distribution of hydrous titanium oxide, which is needed to come up with good products with appropriate particle sizes in the hydrolysis process. The pulp is extensively washed to remove the residual traces of metallic impurities. The washed pulp is then calcinated in a rotary kiln, and ground. Then the final products are manufactured. TiO(OH)\u2082> TiO\u2082 + H\u2082O<\/p>\n
<\/p><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>
<\/span><\/div><\/div><\/span>Chloride process<\/h5>
In the sulfate process, rutile can be produced as using catalyst added before calcinations or on additives in hydrolysis step. Thus, this process can produce either anatase or rutile crystal forms depending on additives used prior to calcinations differently from the chloride process.<\/p>\n
<\/p>\n
Note: The grades of rutile and anatase are diversified by purpose, by coating with aluminum (AI) or silica (Si) in the post-treatment process.<\/span><\/p><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>[\/vc_column_inner][\/vc_row_inner][\/vc_tab][\/vc_tabs][\/vc_column][\/vc_row]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"[vc_row][vc_column][vc_custom_heading source=”post_title” google_fonts=”font_family:Open%20Sans%3A300%2C300italic%2Cregular%2Citalic%2C600%2C600italic%2C700%2C700italic%2C800%2C800italic|font_style:400%20regular%3A400%3Anormal”][\/vc_column][\/vc_row][vc_row][vc_column][vc_tabs skin=”primary”][vc_tab show_icon=”yes” icon_skin=”primary” title=”What is TiO\u2082” tab_id=”4cf27ff3-0988-1″ icon=”fas fa-binoculars”][vc_row_inner][vc_column_inner width=”2\/3″][\/vc_column_inner][vc_column_inner width=”1\/3″][vc_single_image image=”2434″ img_size=”full”][\/vc_column_inner][\/vc_row_inner][vc_separator css=”.vc_custom_1607601889427{margin-top: 30px !important;margin-bottom: 30px !important;}”][vc_row_inner][vc_column_inner width=”1\/3″][vc_single_image image=”2439″ img_size=”full”][\/vc_column_inner][vc_column_inner width=”2\/3″][\/vc_column_inner][\/vc_row_inner][vc_separator css=”.vc_custom_1607601889427{margin-top: 30px !important;margin-bottom: 30px !important;}”][\/vc_tab][vc_tab show_icon=”yes” icon_skin=”primary” title=”Types and Applications” tab_id=”b2920ff8-0a3c-8″ icon=”fas fa-cubes”][vc_row_inner][vc_column_inner][\/vc_column_inner][\/vc_row_inner][vc_row_inner][vc_column_inner width=”1\/2″][vc_single_image image=”2451″ img_size=”full” add_caption=”yes” alignment=”center” image_gallery=”yes” zoom_icon=”yes” hover_effect=”yes”][\/vc_column_inner][vc_column_inner width=”1\/2″][vc_single_image image=”2452″ img_size=”full” add_caption=”yes” alignment=”center” image_gallery=”yes” zoom_icon=”yes” hover_effect=”yes”][\/vc_column_inner][\/vc_row_inner][\/vc_tab][vc_tab show_icon=”yes” […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":[],"yoast_head":"\r\n
TiO\u2082 Information - COSMO CHEMICAL<\/title>\r\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\r\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.cosmochem.com\/index.php\/tio2-information\/\" \/>\r\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_GB\" \/>\r\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\r\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"TiO\u2082 Information - COSMO CHEMICAL\" \/>\r\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"[vc_row][vc_column][vc_custom_heading source=”post_title” google_fonts=”font_family:Open%20Sans%3A300%2C300italic%2Cregular%2Citalic%2C600%2C600italic%2C700%2C700italic%2C800%2C800italic|font_style:400%20regular%3A400%3Anormal”][\/vc_column][\/vc_row][vc_row][vc_column][vc_tabs skin=”primary”][vc_tab show_icon=”yes” icon_skin=”primary” title=”What is TiO\u2082” tab_id=”4cf27ff3-0988-1″ icon=”fas fa-binoculars”][vc_row_inner][vc_column_inner width=”2\/3″][\/vc_column_inner][vc_column_inner width=”1\/3″][vc_single_image image=”2434″ img_size=”full”][\/vc_column_inner][\/vc_row_inner][vc_separator css=”.vc_custom_1607601889427{margin-top: 30px !important;margin-bottom: 30px !important;}”][vc_row_inner][vc_column_inner width=”1\/3″][vc_single_image image=”2439″ img_size=”full”][\/vc_column_inner][vc_column_inner width=”2\/3″][\/vc_column_inner][\/vc_row_inner][vc_separator css=”.vc_custom_1607601889427{margin-top: 30px !important;margin-bottom: 30px !important;}”][\/vc_tab][vc_tab show_icon=”yes” icon_skin=”primary” title=”Types and Applications” tab_id=”b2920ff8-0a3c-8″ icon=”fas fa-cubes”][vc_row_inner][vc_column_inner][\/vc_column_inner][\/vc_row_inner][vc_row_inner][vc_column_inner width=”1\/2″][vc_single_image image=”2451″ img_size=”full” add_caption=”yes” alignment=”center” image_gallery=”yes” zoom_icon=”yes” hover_effect=”yes”][\/vc_column_inner][vc_column_inner width=”1\/2″][vc_single_image image=”2452″ img_size=”full” add_caption=”yes” alignment=”center” image_gallery=”yes” zoom_icon=”yes” hover_effect=”yes”][\/vc_column_inner][\/vc_row_inner][\/vc_tab][vc_tab show_icon=”yes” […]\" \/>\r\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/www.cosmochem.com\/index.php\/tio2-information\/\" \/>\r\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"COSMO CHEMICAL\" \/>\r\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2021-01-11T09:02:56+00:00\" \/>\r\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"http:\/\/renewalk.cosmochem.co.kr:8080\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/12\/tio2_step_01.jpg\" \/>\r\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\r\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Written by\">\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"cosmo\">\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Estimated reading time\">\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"5 minutes\">\r\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\/\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"WebSite\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.cosmochem.com\/#website\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/www.cosmochem.com\/\",\"name\":\"COSMO CHEMICAL\",\"description\":\"Just another WordPress site\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"SearchAction\",\"target\":\"https:\/\/www.cosmochem.com\/?s={search_term_string}\",\"query-input\":\"required name=search_term_string\"}],\"inLanguage\":\"en-GB\"},{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.cosmochem.com\/index.php\/tio2-information\/#primaryimage\",\"inLanguage\":\"en-GB\",\"url\":\"http:\/\/www.cosmochem.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/12\/tio2_step_01.jpg\"},{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.cosmochem.com\/index.php\/tio2-information\/#webpage\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/www.cosmochem.com\/index.php\/tio2-information\/\",\"name\":\"TiO\\u2082 Information - COSMO CHEMICAL\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.cosmochem.com\/#website\"},\"primaryImageOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.cosmochem.com\/index.php\/tio2-information\/#primaryimage\"},\"datePublished\":\"2020-12-10T10:42:58+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2021-01-11T09:02:56+00:00\",\"inLanguage\":\"en-GB\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"ReadAction\",\"target\":[\"https:\/\/www.cosmochem.com\/index.php\/tio2-information\/\"]}]}]}<\/script>\r\n<!-- \/ Yoast SEO plugin. -->","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.cosmochem.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/2423"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.cosmochem.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.cosmochem.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.cosmochem.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.cosmochem.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=2423"}],"version-history":[{"count":52,"href":"https:\/\/www.cosmochem.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/2423\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":3055,"href":"https:\/\/www.cosmochem.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/2423\/revisions\/3055"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.cosmochem.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=2423"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}
Sulfate Process<\/h2><\/div><\/div>[\/vc_column_inner][\/vc_row_inner][vc_row_inner][vc_column_inner]<\/span><\/div><\/div><\/span>Drying,Grinding<\/h5>
Raw ore<\/p>\n
The ore is first dried, ground, and classified, and is then dissolved in a sulfate solution FeTiO\u2083 + 2H\u2082SO\u2084 > FeSO\u2084 + TiOSO\u2084 + 2H\u2082O<\/p>\n
<\/p><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>
<\/span><\/div><\/div><\/span>Dissolving,Deoxidizing<\/h5>
After the deoxidation of Fe\u00b3+ and Fe\u00b2+ in a sulfate solution consisting of Ti and Fe elements, the solution is then filtered and cooled to crystallize the coarse Ferrous Sulfate Solution heptahydrate (FeSo4 7H\u2082O), which is separated from the process. The solution is hydrolyzed to produce insoluble white hydrous titanium oxide.TiOSO\u2084 + 2H\u2082O\uc5d0\uc11cTiO(OH)\u2082 + H\u2082SO\u2084<\/p>\n
<\/p><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>
<\/span><\/div><\/div><\/span>The first particle size and distribution<\/h5>
This is an important process for deciding the first particle size and distribution of hydrous titanium oxide, which is needed to come up with good products with appropriate particle sizes in the hydrolysis process. The pulp is extensively washed to remove the residual traces of metallic impurities. The washed pulp is then calcinated in a rotary kiln, and ground. Then the final products are manufactured. TiO(OH)\u2082> TiO\u2082 + H\u2082O<\/p>\n
<\/p><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>
<\/span><\/div><\/div><\/span>Chloride process<\/h5>
In the sulfate process, rutile can be produced as using catalyst added before calcinations or on additives in hydrolysis step. Thus, this process can produce either anatase or rutile crystal forms depending on additives used prior to calcinations differently from the chloride process.<\/p>\n
<\/p>\n
Note: The grades of rutile and anatase are diversified by purpose, by coating with aluminum (AI) or silica (Si) in the post-treatment process.<\/span><\/p><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>[\/vc_column_inner][\/vc_row_inner][\/vc_tab][\/vc_tabs][\/vc_column][\/vc_row]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"[vc_row][vc_column][vc_custom_heading source=”post_title” google_fonts=”font_family:Open%20Sans%3A300%2C300italic%2Cregular%2Citalic%2C600%2C600italic%2C700%2C700italic%2C800%2C800italic|font_style:400%20regular%3A400%3Anormal”][\/vc_column][\/vc_row][vc_row][vc_column][vc_tabs skin=”primary”][vc_tab show_icon=”yes” icon_skin=”primary” title=”What is TiO\u2082” tab_id=”4cf27ff3-0988-1″ icon=”fas fa-binoculars”][vc_row_inner][vc_column_inner width=”2\/3″][\/vc_column_inner][vc_column_inner width=”1\/3″][vc_single_image image=”2434″ img_size=”full”][\/vc_column_inner][\/vc_row_inner][vc_separator css=”.vc_custom_1607601889427{margin-top: 30px !important;margin-bottom: 30px !important;}”][vc_row_inner][vc_column_inner width=”1\/3″][vc_single_image image=”2439″ img_size=”full”][\/vc_column_inner][vc_column_inner width=”2\/3″][\/vc_column_inner][\/vc_row_inner][vc_separator css=”.vc_custom_1607601889427{margin-top: 30px !important;margin-bottom: 30px !important;}”][\/vc_tab][vc_tab show_icon=”yes” icon_skin=”primary” title=”Types and Applications” tab_id=”b2920ff8-0a3c-8″ icon=”fas fa-cubes”][vc_row_inner][vc_column_inner][\/vc_column_inner][\/vc_row_inner][vc_row_inner][vc_column_inner width=”1\/2″][vc_single_image image=”2451″ img_size=”full” add_caption=”yes” alignment=”center” image_gallery=”yes” zoom_icon=”yes” hover_effect=”yes”][\/vc_column_inner][vc_column_inner width=”1\/2″][vc_single_image image=”2452″ img_size=”full” add_caption=”yes” alignment=”center” image_gallery=”yes” zoom_icon=”yes” hover_effect=”yes”][\/vc_column_inner][\/vc_row_inner][\/vc_tab][vc_tab show_icon=”yes” […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":[],"yoast_head":"\r\n
TiO\u2082 Information - COSMO CHEMICAL<\/title>\r\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\r\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.cosmochem.com\/index.php\/tio2-information\/\" \/>\r\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_GB\" \/>\r\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\r\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"TiO\u2082 Information - COSMO CHEMICAL\" \/>\r\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"[vc_row][vc_column][vc_custom_heading source=”post_title” google_fonts=”font_family:Open%20Sans%3A300%2C300italic%2Cregular%2Citalic%2C600%2C600italic%2C700%2C700italic%2C800%2C800italic|font_style:400%20regular%3A400%3Anormal”][\/vc_column][\/vc_row][vc_row][vc_column][vc_tabs skin=”primary”][vc_tab show_icon=”yes” icon_skin=”primary” title=”What is TiO\u2082” tab_id=”4cf27ff3-0988-1″ icon=”fas fa-binoculars”][vc_row_inner][vc_column_inner width=”2\/3″][\/vc_column_inner][vc_column_inner width=”1\/3″][vc_single_image image=”2434″ img_size=”full”][\/vc_column_inner][\/vc_row_inner][vc_separator css=”.vc_custom_1607601889427{margin-top: 30px !important;margin-bottom: 30px !important;}”][vc_row_inner][vc_column_inner width=”1\/3″][vc_single_image image=”2439″ img_size=”full”][\/vc_column_inner][vc_column_inner width=”2\/3″][\/vc_column_inner][\/vc_row_inner][vc_separator css=”.vc_custom_1607601889427{margin-top: 30px !important;margin-bottom: 30px !important;}”][\/vc_tab][vc_tab show_icon=”yes” icon_skin=”primary” title=”Types and Applications” tab_id=”b2920ff8-0a3c-8″ icon=”fas fa-cubes”][vc_row_inner][vc_column_inner][\/vc_column_inner][\/vc_row_inner][vc_row_inner][vc_column_inner width=”1\/2″][vc_single_image image=”2451″ img_size=”full” add_caption=”yes” alignment=”center” image_gallery=”yes” zoom_icon=”yes” hover_effect=”yes”][\/vc_column_inner][vc_column_inner width=”1\/2″][vc_single_image image=”2452″ img_size=”full” add_caption=”yes” alignment=”center” image_gallery=”yes” zoom_icon=”yes” hover_effect=”yes”][\/vc_column_inner][\/vc_row_inner][\/vc_tab][vc_tab show_icon=”yes” […]\" \/>\r\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/www.cosmochem.com\/index.php\/tio2-information\/\" \/>\r\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"COSMO CHEMICAL\" \/>\r\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2021-01-11T09:02:56+00:00\" \/>\r\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"http:\/\/renewalk.cosmochem.co.kr:8080\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/12\/tio2_step_01.jpg\" \/>\r\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\r\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Written by\">\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"cosmo\">\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Estimated reading time\">\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"5 minutes\">\r\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\/\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"WebSite\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.cosmochem.com\/#website\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/www.cosmochem.com\/\",\"name\":\"COSMO CHEMICAL\",\"description\":\"Just another WordPress site\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"SearchAction\",\"target\":\"https:\/\/www.cosmochem.com\/?s={search_term_string}\",\"query-input\":\"required name=search_term_string\"}],\"inLanguage\":\"en-GB\"},{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.cosmochem.com\/index.php\/tio2-information\/#primaryimage\",\"inLanguage\":\"en-GB\",\"url\":\"http:\/\/www.cosmochem.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/12\/tio2_step_01.jpg\"},{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.cosmochem.com\/index.php\/tio2-information\/#webpage\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/www.cosmochem.com\/index.php\/tio2-information\/\",\"name\":\"TiO\\u2082 Information - COSMO CHEMICAL\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.cosmochem.com\/#website\"},\"primaryImageOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.cosmochem.com\/index.php\/tio2-information\/#primaryimage\"},\"datePublished\":\"2020-12-10T10:42:58+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2021-01-11T09:02:56+00:00\",\"inLanguage\":\"en-GB\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"ReadAction\",\"target\":[\"https:\/\/www.cosmochem.com\/index.php\/tio2-information\/\"]}]}]}<\/script>\r\n<!-- \/ Yoast SEO plugin. -->","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.cosmochem.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/2423"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.cosmochem.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.cosmochem.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.cosmochem.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.cosmochem.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=2423"}],"version-history":[{"count":52,"href":"https:\/\/www.cosmochem.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/2423\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":3055,"href":"https:\/\/www.cosmochem.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/2423\/revisions\/3055"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.cosmochem.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=2423"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}
Drying,Grinding<\/h5>
Raw ore<\/p>\n
The ore is first dried, ground, and classified, and is then dissolved in a sulfate solution FeTiO\u2083 + 2H\u2082SO\u2084 > FeSO\u2084 + TiOSO\u2084 + 2H\u2082O<\/p>\n
<\/p><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>
Dissolving,Deoxidizing<\/h5>
After the deoxidation of Fe\u00b3+ and Fe\u00b2+ in a sulfate solution consisting of Ti and Fe elements, the solution is then filtered and cooled to crystallize the coarse Ferrous Sulfate Solution heptahydrate (FeSo4 7H\u2082O), which is separated from the process. The solution is hydrolyzed to produce insoluble white hydrous titanium oxide.TiOSO\u2084 + 2H\u2082O\uc5d0\uc11cTiO(OH)\u2082 + H\u2082SO\u2084<\/p>\n
<\/p><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>
The first particle size and distribution<\/h5>
This is an important process for deciding the first particle size and distribution of hydrous titanium oxide, which is needed to come up with good products with appropriate particle sizes in the hydrolysis process. The pulp is extensively washed to remove the residual traces of metallic impurities. The washed pulp is then calcinated in a rotary kiln, and ground. Then the final products are manufactured. TiO(OH)\u2082> TiO\u2082 + H\u2082O<\/p>\n
<\/p><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>
Chloride process<\/h5>
In the sulfate process, rutile can be produced as using catalyst added before calcinations or on additives in hydrolysis step. Thus, this process can produce either anatase or rutile crystal forms depending on additives used prior to calcinations differently from the chloride process.<\/p>\n
<\/p>\n
Note: The grades of rutile and anatase are diversified by purpose, by coating with aluminum (AI) or silica (Si) in the post-treatment process.<\/span><\/p><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>[\/vc_column_inner][\/vc_row_inner][\/vc_tab][\/vc_tabs][\/vc_column][\/vc_row]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":" [vc_row][vc_column][vc_custom_heading source=”post_title” google_fonts=”font_family:Open%20Sans%3A300%2C300italic%2Cregular%2Citalic%2C600%2C600italic%2C700%2C700italic%2C800%2C800italic|font_style:400%20regular%3A400%3Anormal”][\/vc_column][\/vc_row][vc_row][vc_column][vc_tabs skin=”primary”][vc_tab show_icon=”yes” icon_skin=”primary” title=”What is TiO\u2082” tab_id=”4cf27ff3-0988-1″ icon=”fas fa-binoculars”][vc_row_inner][vc_column_inner width=”2\/3″][\/vc_column_inner][vc_column_inner width=”1\/3″][vc_single_image image=”2434″ img_size=”full”][\/vc_column_inner][\/vc_row_inner][vc_separator css=”.vc_custom_1607601889427{margin-top: 30px !important;margin-bottom: 30px !important;}”][vc_row_inner][vc_column_inner width=”1\/3″][vc_single_image image=”2439″ img_size=”full”][\/vc_column_inner][vc_column_inner width=”2\/3″][\/vc_column_inner][\/vc_row_inner][vc_separator css=”.vc_custom_1607601889427{margin-top: 30px !important;margin-bottom: 30px !important;}”][\/vc_tab][vc_tab show_icon=”yes” icon_skin=”primary” title=”Types and Applications” tab_id=”b2920ff8-0a3c-8″ icon=”fas fa-cubes”][vc_row_inner][vc_column_inner][\/vc_column_inner][\/vc_row_inner][vc_row_inner][vc_column_inner width=”1\/2″][vc_single_image image=”2451″ img_size=”full” add_caption=”yes” alignment=”center” image_gallery=”yes” zoom_icon=”yes” hover_effect=”yes”][\/vc_column_inner][vc_column_inner width=”1\/2″][vc_single_image image=”2452″ img_size=”full” add_caption=”yes” alignment=”center” image_gallery=”yes” zoom_icon=”yes” hover_effect=”yes”][\/vc_column_inner][\/vc_row_inner][\/vc_tab][vc_tab show_icon=”yes” […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":[],"yoast_head":"\r\n